Can systems

Controlled Area Network Board

Using the dual trace feature on the oscilloscope capture the full pattern of the H-CAN and L-CAN. Identify which wire is the H-CAN and which is for the L-CAN.

Chanel one is high can and channel 2 is low- can and they both connected to the positone .

On your capture also identify were the data pattern starts and finishes.

Describe the relationship between the two patterns and their base voltages (what volts when not switched)

They both mirrior each other the high and the low can in the picture above the yellow patterns are the low can they start off normal and they drop down but blue one is high can patterns they start off normal and then it jumps up and this test was done without any wipers or light on . so this was done standard.

For each of the following inputs capture the pattern and identify were it changes in relation to the original pattern:

Right indicator

 

Rear wiper

Reverse lights

Fuel pump

Using the wiring diagram and CAN board Identify the input /output pins, wire colours, Relay or transistor for the right hand indicator and rear wiper:

OK i choose right hand indicator so its starts off with pin 7 it goes to resistor 5 after that it goes straight ti chip 6 -vp18f258/ra4/tocki.

Then it comes out through can-high and can- low straight though channel 1 and then it foes out through con 1 and 2 though 4 and 5 then it goes to the can ship entering 7 and 6 goes out through 4 all the way straight to 12 /rxcan/n which is the iC chip then it goes through 5 pass through resistor 32.

After that ti enters the optocaupler  the it goes out passes through pull down resistor goes to the transistor then it travels to the connector output 5.

Using the wiring diagram identify both voltage regulators that resemble the one that you built in TTEC4824. Note all the input pins and were the outputs are connected to.

U17805 output pin20 + ve

                 

               input Pin1 connector block input 12 v close to power supply to all the chips.

U27805    Output pin 14 VDD

                Input pin2 connector block input supply 12v before OP amp.

Using the wiring diagram follow one circuit though from the input to the output. Note all the inputs/IC/relays/transistors and describe how the circuit operates

So i start off with the rear wipers it goes from Pin 8, R14b R14a, then to u14bc5471045 after that it goes to pin 10 gp6/clkout straight pin 12  rx can /nc,  

Then pin 13 TX can /txcan , uc5350n Dil , cab Hpn 7 can low pin 6 then to pin 7  which is can low to pin 6 , and pin 4 4h pin 5l 

Then connector 3 connector 2 foes to pin1 can h and pin 1 can low pin 6 CAN low pin 7 can high / TXD pin 1 ,pxd pin 4 uc535On D/L, vp18f258, pin 23 RB2/ cantx pin 24 R133/ cab RX ,RB4 2D7 Zener 5v,10k 

R15,R8 14500, pin9 rear wiper.

This was really hard to understand but this how it goes accrodling to the wiring diagram on moodle or the one we got given in class but i hope you can understand it and the reason we get this to do class is to let us understand how to how to read wiring diagrams and get better in it because we would need to know all this stuff before we can out and work at some auto electrical shop.

 CAN – Multiplexing 

The job we had to was check and test out the CAN systems on Range Rover 2001 model . So to test this out we had to oscilloscope to measure voltages and get the wave forms and also using the scan tool to get the codes the reason for having a CAN system is to reduce of having heaps of wires going to each actuator but now there is only 2 wires going between the nodes makes the job alot easier and you wont have heaps of wires going everywhere .

CAN Waveform on Oscilloscope  

1.1  Locate the Range Rover or other suitable vehicle with easily accessible CAN system twisted wires.  Which vehicle do you have? (Year, make and model)

The car we were doing it on was 2001 model Range Rover.

1.2  Locate a twisted wire pair. Describe where the wires are located:  

The rear ABS module

1.3  Record the waveform of one of the wires below: (Make sure your time is small enough so you don’t have “aliasing”.)

 

Colour of wire:Yellow/browen

Time per division:10 Us

Voltage per division: 2V


1.4  Record the waveform of the other wire in the twisted pair.

Colour of wire:Yellow/Browen

Time per division:10 Us

Voltage per division: 2V


is aliasing? Describe it.  

In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing refers to an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also refers to the distortion or artifact that results when the signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.

i didnt know the meaning of this word so i went and searched it up Google and that what i came up with  and here is the reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliasing

In the 1.3 waveform above, what is the main voltage on the line?

2.35 V

What is the other voltage on the line, when the voltage is pulled up or down to “talk” ?

0.34V

 the 1.4  waveform above, what is the main voltage on the line? 

2.56V

What is the voltage on the line, when the voltage is pulled up or down to “talk”?

0.29V

Observe the signals in 1.3 and 1.4 above with a voltmeter. Compare it with DC volts or AC volts setting. Which setting would tell you if the signal is switching. Explain

5.5 V/AC         0.4 V/AC

When you set the voltmeter on the AV volts you can see the signal is switching that means the AC volts are pulled up and down more clear then the DC volts

Scan Tool Observations 

  Find a vehicle that will show CAN system operation on a scan tool (such as the Range Rover.

 The vehicle we were using was Range Rover 2001 model and the scan tool we had was Auto boss it wasn't that good because it was really slow but it still does the job but just takes a bit longer then you expect.

What different functions are available on the scan tool to examine the CAN system?

Zke/Gm( central body electronics/GM base module

 The was found in auto boss scan tool when we were searching and this is what it does so it controls the unit version fault codes also the actual values (select all) actual values and (manual select) Actuation.

List the different systems that are controlled by CAN? (note which are high speed and which are low speed)

In the picture blew there are other different types of systems that are controlled by the CAN.

Locate a system that goes to “sleep” after a short time.  What is it? 

One of the Can lines-low can lines.
 also i got a short clip showing when the system goes to sleep and after a short time 
here it is

What voltage do you see when it is “awake”?    2.36V

            What voltage do you see when it is “asleep”? 0.3V

            On what wire do you see this voltage change?Yellow / brown


Honda Multiplexing

The task we had for Honda multiplexing board the parts were from Honda accord and they from 1196 to 2002  the board used 2 nodes which was from honda Can system we did these to help us understand more and more also this is practical so when you do something practical you understand it more and the more you do it the more you get better at it or understand Can system diagnostics

This multiplex system was used for body controlled functions on 1996 to 2002 Honda
accord and 1996 onward prelude. It utilises three nodes (control units) drivers door,drivers
side and passenger side.The testing procedure is divided in to three sections
Communication lines and nodes from mode 1,inputs from mode 2. If the system passes
these tests from mode 1 and 2, but is still faulty the problem is likely to be an output.

 Using the wiring diagram identify the plugs/ pins and wire colours for the communication lines between the nodes.

Door side is brown which is A15 - A2

Passenger pink - B1-B9 

Using the wiring diagram identify the plugs/ pins and wire colours for the Earths and
voltage supply lines between the nodes. 
Black wires are earth so positive - pin A1 (Door) 

Ask your instructor to create a fault in the unit
Describe in detail how this fault is affecting the normal operation of this system.

The driver side rear door light don't work which means that the door is open and it wouldn't turn on like all the other ones.  

 Using the wiring diagram analyze the fault and describe in detail what may be causing
this fault.

There could be a bad ground that's causing it or there is break from the multiple to the rear door side switch. 

After reading the manual put the system in to test mode 1. Note the codes (if any) and
possible faults that the system gives you. 

i check it all and there was no codes so no faults.

Do the codes concur with what you thought the problem might be from question 4,
explain. 

Also for this one there was no codes coming up  

Go to step 5, can you conduct this test? Why /why not. 

yes all the lines were good condition no corrosion or any damage .

Conduct the tests in step 6, what is your results and conclusions. 

All the communication line The door - drivers brown wire was good so its got 5.2 volts and within the specs of 3.5 - 9.5

 so drivers passenger was also good which was 5.20 specs were 3.0 to 10 pink wire  .

Put the system in to diagnostic Mode 2, conduct the input tests and note the results. 

everything was in perfect condition apart from the driver side rear door which did not beeb causing a fault .

Explain your results and conclusions, Does it concur with your diagnosis from question
4?

Its got the input the switch could be faulty as all the others were working but the drivers side rear doesn't we tested them all the communication lines and they all good . 
I also had to put the system in to sleep mode and measure the time it take so the results i got was 4.03 volts and 10 seconds and .66 amps and the last one 018 amp. 

  

 

on car ilyas

WS5 Scan Tool Diagnostics

Warning: Be careful working around engines and exercise caution to avoid injury.
1. Scan Tool Data
1.1 Find a vehicle which is appropriate for the scan tool.
1.2 Connect the scanner, power it on, follow the instructions andinput the correct vehicle information it asks for so you can view the data.

Type of information (PID = Parameter Identification)	Letters to describe it E.g. TPS	Value of data	Units for data E.g. volts
Engine Load (how much air comes in)	AS	1.30	V
Engine RPM	E.S	762	rpm
Throttle angle	TPS	0.48	V
Engine coolant temperature	ECT	69	c'
Intake air temperature	IAT	49	C'
Fuel Injection opening pulse	injection time	2.8	ms
Transmission select position
Vehicle Speed		0	KM
Oxygen sensor(s)	O2	0.45	V
Fuel Trim
Idle control		69	%
Power steering condition
Air conditioning condition	AC signal	off	switch on/off
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Fuel Evap or Purge condition
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)
Barometric Pressure
Battaery		14.1	V

Trouble Codes or Fault Codes
2.1 Find where the Codes are listed
2.2 Record any codes, and what system and condition they describe in the chart below (Example: might be code number 21, for Throttle Position Sensor, signal voltage too low) If
there are no codes listed, put “none”.

System was normal and there was no faults and the car was also running fine by knowing this i went to the the scan tool and went to this screen where it is tells you how the car is and it shows you if there is faults or not and if does have faults it will come up with trouble code but with our case there was no codes whats so ever.

Lecturer put in Fault
3.1 Find your lecturer and have him create a fault under the hood (don’t look)

Record New Codes
4.1 Look up the codes now in the scan tool
4.2 Record the codes in the chart below. Also record what system is affected, and what condition is described.


when we checked through the scan tool i we came up with 2 problems in scan tool data but when i check for the codes we did not come up with any troubles i dont know why this happen we were meant to have trouble codes but we didnt. even tho this was checked the tauter and he didnt get it as well so the way we found the problem was we look at the data we got from before and then compared it and we got the TPS senor and Air flow sensor by knowing this we notice that voltage was very high for TPS and the engine was running rough and i think it was not idling well and it was reving high and low .

Find What Data Has Changed
5.1 Look through the scan tool data to see what PIDs (Parameter Identification of system voltages) have changed.
Which readings don’t make sense or don’t read what you would expect. Concentrate on the PIDs related to the codes.
5.2 Record the PIDs that have changed below:

Well we looked at the data sheet and notice that the throttle position sensor voltage was very high which was 5.10 V but when its normal you should be getting around 0.48V well thats what i got when it was normal and also i notice that the engine was not idling well so we notice that air flow sensor wasn't connected so the engine was running rough you could feel it and also hear it .


Visual Inspection to find fault
6.1 Do a visual inspection under the hood to find where the problem is. Use information from the code to know where to look for the problem and what type of problem to look for.
Describe problem you found:

When opened up the hood i all ready knew what i had to look for because of the scan tool data so i found out that the Throttle position sensor was disconnected and also the Air flow sensor was disconnected so we this not been connected engine wasn't idling well and also engine was running rough .

So the way i had to repair the faults was i just had to plug back in the sensors i turned off the engine but the ignition on then i went on the scan tool to clear out the faults and then i went to check it if it was cleared it was and the system was back to normal.

i also checked the data sheet if the voltage was back to normal and it was .And other ways of removing the faults codes or other light on your dash board you can remove the battery terminals for 30 seconds and you can also remove the main engine fuse to get ride of the fault codes.

The importance of live data fault finding is that its pretty easy to know whats going on your car for example when you driving you can see how your car is running and if there is a problem you can see it and then you would know where the problem is makes easier. the parameters live data tells us because its for the intake the engine load and how much air is coming in .

Scan tool is very handy to use now it makes the job very easy and its very useful for every shop to have one be makes job easier faster and everything can be done very quickly .Scan tool tells where the problem could be and it gives you hint where to look but its 100 % accurate but like i said makes the job easier and its very handy to use .


WS7 Exhaust Gas Analysis (Petrol only)

1. With the analyser probe sensing normal air, what are the Four Gas readings? Record the amount and then what it means:

CO: 0.00 Means: you have a rich condition and you dont have enough O2 to create CO2 this mean co2

HC:12ppm Means: Hc is unburnt petrol higher content indicates a misfire or cold start.

Co2:0.00% Means: efficiency should be about 15%

o2:20.94% means: Rich means lower o2 level however o2 means lean mixture More 02 mean lean mixture.

CO: 4.464 HC: 1839 CO2: 29.88 O2: 29.26

When the engine is cold its had to run richer air fuel mixture .This mean greater HC when rich too much fuel can't burn all the petrol .This leads to lacks of O2 and this mean that there s high Co levels Co2 refers to the efficiency of the combust when co2 is at 15% then the combustion at its most efficiency .

3. When the engine has warmed up, record the Four Gas readings:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

CO 0.01 HC: 188  CO2: 1358  O2:0.38

Cat converter working there fore engine is running efficiently and HC and O2 low as almost all the fuel is being burnt since it is now highly fuel efficient.so the engine is working and its running good because the engine is warm and also the cat convertor is working.

Run the warm engine at 2500 RPM, record the Four Gas readings:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

CO: 1.14 HC: 174 CO2: 12.71 O2: 1.64

 At 2500rpm the engine is sightly richer mixture this means greater HC due to unburnt fuel however combustion is still efficient so there is normal O2 however there is more Co due to the richer air/fuel condition . This also means that cat convertor is working in good order.

At idle, run the mixture rich with extra propane, LPG, or carburettor
cleaner, and record the Four Gas readings:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

Co:1.859 HC: 197 Co2: 14.07 O2: 0.79

we sprayed it with the eater starter fluid so doing a test after that we notice that the engine is running rich so higher HC due to unburnt fuel and also engine is less efficeint there is higher O2 as there is too much fuel to burn so this also means higher CO levels due to the rich condition

At idle, create a lean condition with an air leak or vacuum leak, record the
Four Gas readings:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

Co: 0.175 HC: 959 CO2: 7.75 O2: 9.65

we disconnected the vacuum hose connected to the vacuum so the results of the we got HC is higher as it is harder to burn fuel with greater air ratio this does mean a reduce in CO as there is more O2 for CO to attach to crate Co2.

Accelerate the engine, by blipping the throttle a few times (don’t rev too
high anddamage the engine), and watch how the gas readings change.
Record the Four Gas readings when the CO is highest:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

CO:3.947 HC: 2313 CO2: 12.59 O2: 0.58

So what we did was like for example by blipping the throttle there is a richer air/fuel ratio this creates higher HC and higher CO as you can see there is less 02.

Disconnect one spark plug wire, ground it with a jumper wire, then record
the Four Gas readings as the engine idles:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

CO:0.582 HC: 1291 CO2: 12.48 O2: 7.61

by disconnecting one of the park plugs we notice that the HC is really high as you know one of the cylinder is not firing and all the is unburnt and coming into the exhaust .

Optional: Make other changes to the engine at idle, such as turning on the air conditioning or rocking the steering wheel. Note the change you made:
Explain what is happening within the engine referring to the four gases:

Co: 0.300 HC: 8 CO2: 14.73 O2: 1.017

So the A/C unit brings the rev of the motor up more this makes the engine even more effieient and then when its at idle so there is low HC and low CO as fuel is being burnt efficiently. 

Explain the different readings you would get from a vehicle with a catalytic converter and a vehicle without one and why?

A vehicle without a cat convertor would produce greater CO and HC as the CAT convertor creates a chemical reaction to change emission into something different that is less harmful to the environment .

hence why HC and Co are significantly lower on the vehicle with CAT convertors.

Explain what light off point means and what happens?

In order for CAT convertor to work it has to be hot enough to work. A CAT convertor is a device used to reduce the toxicity of the exhaust from the internal combustion engine .Most modern car engines control the amount of fuel they burn.so what this tells us that the Cat convertor has to get to certain level of temperature to start working

On lambda, 02 sensors why do they have 1,2,3,4 or 5 wires and what do these extra wires do?

Two cell 5-7 wires ( bosh and some honda ) one cell , 4 wires ( Toyota some Honda and others.

Flash Codes

When we were doing a flash codes test we need a wire to bridge it and also someone in our team or the tutor had to make faults then we had to find the particular fault and this how we try to find the fault codes so to get a fault code on the engine you will see the engine light on.

Turn the engine off then turn ignition on ,off,on,off and then on without starting the engine .The codes will begin to flash on the check engine light .The light will blink numbers of first digit , then it will pause and then blink the numbers of second digit. All codes are 2 digit numbers the code 55 indicates the end of the message .

As an example a stored code 23 would flash 2 times pause then flash 3 times pause flash 5 times  pause and then flash times again.And to get rid of these codes you normally disconnect the negative battery terminal for 30 second or more or you could also disconnect the engine main fuse for 30 seconds or more .

once you have done that the codes should be all cleared out and you will notice that the engine check light will contiguously flashing that means the codes have all been cleared.

Another way i found out the faults was i opened up the hood of the car and did a visual inspection and then i came across the throttle position sensor and also the oxygen sensor were disconnected so the way to repair the faults.

i recheck all the faults again and then plugged them back in and turned the car on to make sure the car is back to its normal condition i cleared all the codes and also rechecked them and there were no codes which means all the codes were gone and it was back to normal.

if this is not fixed this could the performance of the engine for example the engine would not run properly which means low engine performance engine could also be rough and maybe hard to start other problems may occur if the problem is not fixed.

After doing all the tests i rechecked the voltages to see if they were with in its manufactures specification on the all the sensors they were faulty we did that just to be on the safe side and had to make sure the car was back to its normal condition.

Fuel Pressure and flow (Petrol only)

Warning, be careful around raw fuel. It can catch fire! Use appropriate safety precautions.
Keep sparks, flame, your body and your clothing away from raw fuel! Know where your fire
extinguishers are and use them if necessary.

First thing we had to had to was to make sure the fire extinguishers were and the close one was just by the front of the shop and the next one was on front of the next shop.After that we attach the fuel pressure gauge and then we had to watch the scale on the gauge after that we had turn on the car and check for any air leaks and we had no air leaks whats so ever .

Measure the fuel pressure with the key on, engine off.
Record it here:35
Kpa, etc. PSI

Idling: Measure the fuel pressure with the engine idling. Watch the pressure for a
couple of minutes.
Record pressure here: 38 PSI

Maximum: With the engine idling, use the special tool to clamp the fuel return line.
Note: this can only be done for a short period.
Record pressure here: 80 PSI

WOT: With the engine idling, disconnect and plug the vacuum line going to the fuel
pressure regulator.
Record pressure here: 48 PSI

Residual: Turn off the engine, and watch the fuel pressure for five minutes.
Record your residual or rest pressure here: 42 PSI

After i did all those test then i had to turn engine key on and off and check for any leaks that might have happened during the test . we had to make sure the car was safe and runs fine.

Its important to to keep the fuel being injected into the motor at the right amount too much pressure would engine run in rich and could have dripping injectors too little pressure would mean to engine would run lean and lacking in power.

so i meant there was we need to have the right fuel spraying at the time so we can have a good fuel economy if we have too much fuel we will slowly get our injectors broken or damaged.

so when we have low fuel pressure we will have low engine performance engine running rough due to the lean mixture it might take longer to start the engine sometimes. also when we have low fuel flow the engine will be misfiring also low engine performance and engine will be rough as well due to lean mixture and fuel not being able to atomize well. 

but its different when we have high fuel pressure the engine will be running rich so which mean higher fuel consumption could end up in dripping in injectors making the engine harder to start also you will be using more fuel or wasting it could end up costing you a lot of money for fuel . 

When we have faulty fuel pressure regulator this could mean that the regulator has a vacuum leak so as it revs  increases fuel pressure would not so the engine would run lean and also will be lacking in power which mean poor performance.